Sometimes it feels like all day, every day, we are bombarded with images of death. Newspapers, magazines, television, TV news, and even my morning podcasts all make learning about the deaths of others a part of my daily life. Considering how much I am faced with the news of death, I have certainly not taken the time to dissect how that death is portrayed to me and why there are so many seeming inconsistencies. Fishman really takes a deep dive into research on how death is portrayed in the news, whether it is tragic events described, videos of death, or photos of death. The result is that this book really exposes something fundamental about how we deal with death in the U.S. It exposes the fact that the way we talk about death is filled with hipocrisy and bias.
Once in a while, I come across a book that does the work of actually pointing out things that I have been experiencing for my whole life and makes me actually take a good look at it and this book is one of them. I felt lights going on in my brain in just about every chapter, connecting my own experiences to the conclusions and observations that Fishman writes. In the time that I read this book, there have been three incidents of mass casualty in the United States and I saw the news coverage in a brand new light. I could see the patterns that Fishman points out. I could see the gaps in the coverage that are a result of news organizations' aversion to showing images of American death. I could see the news reacting exactly as Fishman has observed that they react. Of course, I have been experiencing those patterns for my whole life but this book really allowed me to experience that coverage critically.
There were a few points in the book that I found especially enlightening. One is Fishman's description of the images and symbols used to imply death in the media coverage of tradegies. Once I read the chapter "Alternative Images" I began to see these images everywhere. I really did have a feeling that I was being constantly bombarded with images of death but this chapter made me realize just how many of those images actually imply death, rather than showing it outright. This was something of a revelation and it has been interesting to consciously witness the media jump through hoops in order to avoid showing any direct images of death.
The next interesting topic that I would like to call out as especially enlightening for me is the way that avoiding images of death creates a theoretical issue when it comes to photojournalism. The reason that we value photojournalism is that it has an incredible ability to reveal reality and since they are photographs, they provide evidence of events and a strong fidelity to the reality of the events. A photojournalist's job is to show you what happened. But the news media's aversion to images of death and tragedy mean that photojournalists actually have to go out of their way to capture images not of what actually happened, but that imply what actually happened. I am continually fascinated by this issue and I expect I will be returning to Fishman's book in order to re-read the fantastic points she makes about this tension in photojournalism.
The last part of the book that I want to point out is her comparison of the coverage of death between "low-brow" media (tabloids) and "high brow" media (New York Times). The general assumption in the U.S. is that tabloids are "trashy" and have a genera lack of decency that leads them to publish more graphic photos of tragedy and death than the "high brow" news outlets. Fishman proves that this is false, that tabloids are actually less likely to publish photos with corpses and less likely to publish prominently in their publication than the New York Times and other respected papers. As Fishman points out, this poses an interesting question about cultural associations of tabloids with low-class people and the myriad of biases that arise from that.
I will say that while these points were some of the most compelling to me, they only scratch the surface of what Fishman covers in her book.
There were a couple of sticking points for me with this book. The first is a kind of half-complaint. I knew this was a textbook when I requested it and I do not mind reading textbooks for fun. I find that some of them are engaging and fun to read. For a text book, this book was very text book-ish. It's technical and not always accessible. If you are someone like me who likes to read text books, then this book will probably be great for you. If you struggle with staying engaged in text books, then I would be more hesitant to recommend this book to you.
The only other issue I had is also fairly minor. I wanted more discussion of the Black Lives Matter Movement. I was just waiting for this discussion and excited to see what Fishman had to say. The Black Lives Matter Movement is an absolute phenomenon. It's huge and it it only growing in social and political power. The ideology of the movement is spreading to Socialist and Democratic groups and the issues are only more relevant in the Trump era. Images of death are at the center of the movement. The outrage sparked by images of Michael Brown, Eric Gardner, and more are what started this massive movement. There was a lot of discussion about how to treat dead bodies and images of death in the media and that tension is explored a lot in this book related to other tragedies. I think that the BLM Movement is an interesting, accessible, and rich topic that is really grounded in the information that Fishman covers and I would have liked to see a lot more content about it. Over all, the section takes up less than a page, which just felt like a missed opportunity to me or even like it was added as an after thought. I liked what she said but I wish there had been more of it.
Over all, this was a really good read. I enjoyed the writing, the photos used to illustrate her points were good, and I do feel like this book gave me more clarity and the ability to think about this issue more deliberately. I will be interested in other books and writing on this topic and from this author.