The Last Sovereigns

Sitting Bull and the Resistance of the Free Lakotas

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Pub Date 01 Oct 2020 | Archive Date 30 Oct 2020

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Description

2021 Spur Award Winner for Best Historical Nonfiction from the Western Writers of America
True West Magazine's 2020 Best Author and Historical Nonfiction Book of the Year

The Last Sovereigns is the story of how Sioux chief Sitting Bull resisted the white man’s ways as a last best hope for the survival of an indigenous way of life on the Great Plains—a nomadic life based on buffalo and indigenous plants scattered across the Sioux’s historical territories that were sacred to him and his people.

Robert M. Utley explores the final four years of Sitting Bull’s life of freedom, from 1877 to 1881. To escape American vengeance for his assumed role in the annihilation of Gen. George Armstrong Custer’s command at the Little Bighorn, Sitting Bull led his Hunkpapa following into Canada. There he and his people interacted with the North-West Mounted Police, in particular Maj. James M. Walsh. The Mounties welcomed the Lakota and permitted them to remain if they promised to abide by the laws and rules of Queen Victoria, the White Mother. But the Canadian government wanted the Indians to return to their homeland and the police made every effort to persuade them to leave. They were aided by the diminishing herds of buffalo on which the Indians relied for sustenance and by the aggressions of Canadian Native groups that also relied on the buffalo.

Sitting Bull and his people endured hostility, tragedy, heartache, indecision, uncertainty, and starvation and responded with stubborn resistance to the loss of their freedom and way of life. In the end, starvation doomed their sovereignty. This is their story.

2021 Spur Award Winner for Best Historical Nonfiction from the Western Writers of America
True West Magazine's 2020 Best Author and Historical Nonfiction Book of the Year

The Last Sovereigns is...


Advance Praise

“In The Last Sovereigns the greatest biographer of the greatest Lakota leader delivers a superb account of Sitting Bull’s last years, centering on his exile in Canada. It is both a deeply human story of Sitting Bull’s friendship with a Canadian Mountie and an insightful history that puts Native resistance to conquest in an international context. A splendid read and a necessary book.”—T. J. Stiles, author of the Pulitzer Prize–winning Custer’s Trials: A Life on the Frontier of a New America


“Robert Utley’s epic The Last Sovereigns is the heroic and heartbreaking saga of Sitting Bull’s desperate flight into Canada before his death in 1890. The backstory of how Maj. James Morrow Walsh of the North-West Mounted Police befriended the Lakota resistance leader is brilliantly rendered. Like all of Utley’s books, this is essential reading for anyone interested in the American West and Native American History. Highly recommended!”—Douglas Brinkley, Katherine Tsanoff Brown Professor in Humanities and professor of history at Rice University and author of Wilderness Warrior: Theodore Roosevelt and the Land of America


“With twenty-two acclaimed books over the last fifty-eight years, Robert M. Utley has established a reputation as the Dean of Western History. The Last Sovereigns adds luster to that well-deserved title: a masterful tale of cross-border intrigue and heroic resistance as Sitting Bull attempts to establish a new life for his people north of the ‘medicine line’ separating the United States from Canada. Utley’s fast-paced narrative, sharply delineated characters, and graceful prose make this a book that will appeal to all readers.”—Paul Andrew Hutton, Distinguished Professor of History at the University of New Mexico and author of The Apache Wars

“In The Last Sovereigns the greatest biographer of the greatest Lakota leader delivers a superb account of Sitting Bull’s last years, centering on his exile in Canada. It is both a deeply human story...


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ISBN 9781496220226
PRICE $24.95 (USD)
PAGES 200

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Featured Reviews

A important narrative on Native American History. I would highly recommend reading this text for in depth look first american culture.

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The was a good read. It described a more political time for Sitting Bull, and a sad time, as he was trying to not change the way he lived, and was receiving great pressure to change. Will need to try some more of Robert Utley's writtings.

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With increasing interest in oppression throughout US History, we cannot and should not forget the plight and the heartbreaking stories of Native American tribes.

The Last Sovereigns is the story of how Sioux chief Sitting Bull resisted the white man’s ways as a last best hope for the survival of an indigenous way of life on the Great Plains—a nomadic life based on buffalo and indigenous plants scattered across the Sioux’s historical territories that were sacred to him and his people.

This book details the final four years of Sitting Bull’s life of freedom, (1877 to 1881.) After the battle with General Custer at Little BigHorn, Sitting Bull and his tribe are targets of the US Army, and flee to Canada. Their experiences with the Mounties are positive, but they arwe again disappointed by givernment officials -- in this case, the Canadian government,

The ongoing privations that Sitting Bull and his people endured and their ultimately unsuccessful efforts to maintain, retain, or regain their sovereignty make for a heartbreaking story -- but one that must be told. Educators may find this story helpful in a larger curriculum on oppressed peoples.

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As with other books by the author that I have read, I found this one to be well researched and written. The author's writing style makes for an interesting read that brings history to life. This book is a biography of Sitting Bull with the primary focus on the years that he spent in Canada after the Battle of the Little Bighorn. The reality was that Canada did not want him, but he rightfully did not trust that the United States would honor their pledges if he returned. He wavered several times and finally agreed to return only to be arrested rather than left in peace as promised. I recommend this book to anyone who has an interest in the life of Sitting Bull or reading about another instance where our government was less than truthful in dealing with native americans.

I received a free Kindle copy of this book courtesy of Net Galley and the publisher with the understanding that I would post a review on Net Galley, Goodreads, Amazon and my nonfiction book review blog.

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If you're looking for a biography of Sitting Bull this is probably not the place to start. There's nothing wrong with the book. It's very clear that Mr. Utley is very familiar with the subject and the research certainly appears to be complete and well rounded. And while the book does give enough background on Sitting Bull's life to keep one from getting lost (particularly if you're reasonably well versed in the history of the American West) that isn't the focus.

Utley sets out, with appropriate background, to examine Sitting Bull's time living with his Hunkpapa followers in Canada after fleeing the United States. In particular Utley looks at the relationship between Sitting Bull and John Morrow Walsh, who was a Royal Canadian Mounted Police officer and Commander of Fort Walsh when Sitting Bull and his followers settled near Fort Walsh in Wood Mountain Saskatchewan. Sitting Bull and Walsh entered into a friendship and an important relationship that caused significant local and international consternation. The influx of a relatively large number of Lakota into Canada, where indigenous tribes were already struggling with the demise of the buffalo was a significant problem. Internationally, Sitting Bull had caused a black eye to the United States with the defeat of Custer and they wanted the Lakota docilely settled on allotments. Since Canada's foreign policy was still largely handled by Great Britain at the time international diplomacy was involved in the attempts to get Sitting Bull and the Lakota back to the U.S.

This has been a part of the history of Sitting Bull that tends to be glossed over in favor of the Battle of Greasy Grass (Little Big Horn), Sitting Bull's short time with Buffalo Bill's show and his assassination in 1890. And it's a topic deserving of the attention that Utley gives to it. It's just important to be aware that the other parts of Sitting Bull's life are given a fairly cursory coverage.

That said, it is again an interesting and well researched book covering a largely overlooked part of American and Canadian history.

My thanks to Net Galley, the publisher and the author for a preview copy in exchange for my reviews.

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The Last Sovereigns by Robert M Utley is a historical book about the days of Sitting Bull during the time of avoiding surrender and living in Canada. Sitting Bull is more famous for the Custer event and I hadn't known too much about the Canada years. During this time, Sitting Bull avoided capture when other American Indians (I will use the Indian term in this review as that is the term Sitting Bull used) were surrendering so that they would no longer have to starve. The Indians had been pushed farther north into Canada to leave room for white settlers. Each time more land was wanted, the Indians were simply moved again. Canada didn't have enough buffalo to go around for all of the Canadians and Americans as well. The Canadian government also could not afford to feed both sets of Indians. American whites were not known for kindness or trustworthiness, therefore Indians wouldn't volunteer to go to reservations unless it was absolutely necessary.

The beginning of this book reads like a list of facts and took a little while to get flowing. I considered stopping. However, I kept going and about a quarter of the way through it picked up and started to flow in a captivating way. I learned a lot about the relations between the two governments and the two races. I admit I was a little disappointed in my race. Not a nice look. I felt horribly sorry for all of the family members of Sitting Bull that got caught up in the battle of the male egos that were fighting each other. One thing I have noticed in my various readings about struggle and notorious events is that the male ego is not usually very helpful. It can cause a lot of damage. As you can see here, males everywhere and the women and children were starving.
I received this book from netgalley.com in exchange for an honest review.

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It's funny, although I really enjoyed this book as it isn't a subject that I know a lot about, I did rather feel like the beginning either went too fast or didn't have enough information. I wanted more in the beginning. The details started to pick up a bit later and it seems to be a very informative book. I was curious about the dialogue in the book, whether they were direct quotes that someone present had recorded. It was a bit hard for me to tell since some of the formatting was off due to it being an ARC PDF. Regardless, I enjoyed it and would recommend it to anyone interested in Sitting Bull or what the Native's faced at the hands of Europeans. It is too bad we don't have their point of view.

On that note (and not contributing to my rating), there were grammar and punctuation issues that I assume will be fixed before publishing. There was as sentence at around 68% that had me re-reading it a few times and should def be fixed. ("Sitting Bull arrived at Willow Bunch with five hundred people arrived on April 20, 1881.) Also, I think the beginning mentioned maps, however, I wasn't able to see any maps. There were some sections with garbled text that maybe were supposed to be images of maps? I'm not sure. Maps would be helpful to help understand exactly where the tribes were roaming to and from. I could see the photos in the middle of the book, although one (#12, Sitting Bull Council) was completely upside down.

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An interesting, moving account and certainly a book which I will recommend in our library for history lovers and history newbies. Thank you for the early review copy.

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This book deals with the last years of Sitting Bull's life, after the Battle of the Little Big Horn. It recounts the trek to Canada and tells us of the people he has to subsequently deal with there. We learn of the various machinations of the Canadian and American governments in their attempts to get Sitting Bull and the Lakota people to surrender and return to America. The individuals were represented honestly with faults as well as strengths shown. I knew very little about Sitting Bull's last years so this filled in gaps in my knowledge. Anyone interested in this period of American History should enjoy this.

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Living in Calgary, we have schools named after men in this book… Macleod, Irvine. I have also been to the Cypress Hills and passed by the small town of Walsh. Every time I think of the Cypress Hills, I think of Sitting Bull fleeing to Canada to keep his people safe.
This is a well-done history of the Lakota in the last years of Sitting Bull. He truly was a remarkable man. He was a warrior. He was a medicine man. He was a father and family man. He obeyed the laws of the Great Mother. He also wanted to provide for his people even learning to farm. There is not much information about Sitting Bull so this book will become a resource to those who want to learn a bit more about the man who is probably the most famous indigenous leader of all time. Thanks to NetGalley and publisher for the ARC.

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Thanks for the ARC Net Galley

I like the subject and of the Lakota in particular;ar its just there was more about who dealt with SB and where he lived than about SB himself. 4 for that.

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I had heard of sitting bull in school, but I feel like I was told virtually nothing of what he endured. This book was so informational, so encompassing. I knew our treatment of Native Americans was abysmal, but it was just so unfair. It seems like the little bit we do learn of Native American history does not justice to what actually occurred. This book was very thorough and used a ton of resources and offered many of the events as they happened in the people involved's own words. There were a couple of typos, but nothing too distracting. It was laid out in a linear fashion making it easy to follow. I liked the epilogue at the end as well that told how it ended for many of the men involved in Sitting Bull's life during his campaign for freedom for his people. Well written and very educational.

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Richard Utley’s ‘The Last Sovereigns’ claims its place among works of history which couple solid scholarship with engaging narrative. No one can study the history of the American West without knowing something about the Battle of the Little Bighorn, but most narratives end there. Utley masterfully details the Canadian Migration/Exile of the Sioux to Canada (1877-1881) under Chief Sitting Bull in order to avoid retribution for the Battle. While this episode was surely a flight from a determined foe, Utley also casts it was an attempt to hold onto a fading way of life. It also helps to remind the reader that American history was not isolated within national borders, but that there was a great fluidity.

The matter of the Sioux’s migration was met pacifically and with warmth on the part of the Mounted Police, as contrasted with American military policy. But the international debate between Great Britain, Canada and the United States was another matter – exacerbated when they began trying to negotiate with the Sioux. This is an interesting insight into how the status of Native Americans fit into the diplomacy and governance of the period, and the occasions divergence between local and national power (as well as personal bonds across groups, like the Mounted Police and Sitting Bull). Utley additionally highlights the complexity of Native American relations. The Sioux were seen as competition to indigenous tribes who relied on the dwindling buffalo population, the Sioux hunted on the reservation of another tribe, they had their horses raided but also were a draw to other fleeing American bands. Finally, the insights into the mind of Sitting Bull as he navigated and sought to balance the concerns he had for his people as well as himself in trying to determine whether they should ‘surrender’ to the Americans. This was further complicated by his relationship to American culture from his surrender to his death. These final dimensions were among the most intriguing parts of the book.

Utley’s passion for this subject is powerfully manifested, and the reader will find themselves wanting to explore his other work.

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In much detail, this book chronicles the final four years of Sitting Bull’s life of freedom, (1877 to 1881.) After the battle with General Custer at Little BigHorn, Sitting Bull and his tribe are targets of the US Army, and flee to Canada. Their experiences with the Mounties are in some ways joyous and positive, but the US government was too hard to resist.

A sad tale with a stain on US history. It is not always a great nation!.

Thanks to Net Galley and Bison Books for the chance to read and review.

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Sitting Bull quickly became known as a great leader and a fearless warrior, and he became leader of the Hunkpapa. The final years of Sitting Bull's life were spent mainly in Canada after he led the Hunkpapa into Canada following run-ins with the American government. Sitting Bull wished to live out his final years there but clashes with the Canadian government over their policies, and disagreements with the Native Canadian groups over the resources available, meant that Sitting Bull and his people faced uncertainty and starvation. His return to American soil unfortunately led to his death on the Standing Rock Reservation in 1890.

This book examines the final four years of Sitting Bull's life and his friendship and working relationship with Major James Walsh of the North-West Mounted Police in Canada. This is a period of history that I know little about, and it was interesting, but I found that at the end of it, I didn't feel as if I got to know much about Sitting Bull himself, as it was more about the events that happened. Yes it is a non fiction account but an author can make the characters 'come alive' off the page whereas this felt like a very remote perspective. Many of the other people in the book were not fleshed out and the Lakota women barely featured at all.

Thanks to NetGalley and publishers, University of Nebraska Press/Bison Books, for the opportunity to read an ARC.

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In THE LAST SOVEREIGNS, Robert M Utley covers a period of history that has been missing in the historical narratives of the life on Sitting Bull, chief of the free Lakotas during their escape to Canada following the Battle at Big Horn with Gen Custer. This was the last time his small tribe would be free to follow their traditions. As they slowly surrendered their way of life, the Army, as a representative of the American Government, would place them on reservations under governmental oversight. Utley's book contains so much information on their lives, it's clear he researched and committed a huge piece of his life into insuring Sitting Bull's story was shared. An absolutely wonderful reading experience for anyone interested in Native American history. This could easily be used as a reading assignment in a home schooler's history class, too.

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A beautifully written book, having just sat through my sons GCSE American West revision, this book was of huge interest to me.
The photographs are an excellent addition bringing these amazing people to life. It's a sad indictment that we have so little knowledge of this area of history.
I would have liked a little more on the way of life, and not just the political aspect, but I acknowledge that this is the unheard voice and needs to be heard.
The term 'wise' is often heard, but how many people can it really be applicable to? Sitting Bull certainly deserves this epithet. I don't want to discuss too much of this, as it will take away the narrative of this wonderful book. I read it from start to finish, with only a break for sleeping. It was an emotional read, and extremely thought-provoking. A serious contender for additional reading material for anyone studying American history.

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This book does what it set out to do: tell the story of the last years of Sitting Bull's life. It does it well, but as someone educated in the American school system, I felt as if I were reading the epilogue to a story I was never told. This is no fault of the author - just a note for any future readers.

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Sitting Bull, Geronimo, and Crazy Horse are probably the three most well-known Native American chiefs, yet little is taught about them in schools. The only thing I knew about Sitting Bull is that he killed Custer in the battle of Little Big Horn. With that said, I really appreciated the respect with which Utley wrote this book.

I enjoyed learning about Sitting Bull’s early years and why/how he became so incredibly respected by his people. It’s not difficult to have compassion for an entire people forced off their land and confined to small reservations carved out of their own lands. We’ve probably all seen the same picture of Sitting Bull - the one on this cover. Regal, straight back, serious expression. But Utley did a wonderful job of giving a life to that face. We get a glimpse into what drove Sitting Bull. The passion he had for his people, the weight of the entire Sioux nation on his shoulders. The difficult challenges in dealing with both the US and Canadian governments, and deciding who could be trusted and how far.

The only reason I gave it 4 stars instead of 5 was because the Kindle version was missing items. Maps maybe? There were a few wonky parts and some errors that I’m sure will be corrected in the final edit process. Thank you to NetGalley for giving me an ARC in exchange for an honest review.

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I appreciate the publisher allowing me to read this book. What a great read I couldn't put it down and highly recommend.

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Well written on a topic still very much needed to be covered. It's a little dry so might not fit my library the best, but would recommended to those seeking more info on the subject.

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