Kameron Hurley's collection of science fiction short stories extremely creative enterprise, filled with highly futuristic and feminist concepts, worlds and peoples, as well as the ruthless realities of war, disease, loss, oblivion and other monsters.

Personally, I did not enjoy this book overall. Some stories I really liked, others I disliked, but mostly I was indifferent to them. The thing that bothered me the most was the sheer amount of information shared in each short story which made things very confusing at times.

If you like hardcore scifi and any of these ideas sound appealing to you then recommend giving this book a try.

This was an absolutely wonderful read. Full of stories that blew my mind in a great and unexpected way, and I totally recommend this to fans of Tiptree or Le Guin.

The ones I liked best:
When We Fall: An emotional connection between a mechanic and a ship’s avatar? Beautiful, loved it, a really lovely little story about the possibilities of AI.

The Fisherman and The Pig: I love that Pig so much. This one speaks to the love of a pet and how much it means when they remember you.

The Plague Givers: A really cool little fantasy story that I’d love to read a novel about.

Warped Passages: Reminded me at first of a Tiptree story and then Alien, so I definitely liked this one.

Our Faces, Radiant Sisters! Our Faces Filled of Light! I was a little nervous about this one because the Sheldon story the title is taken from was incredible, but this was pretty good. Definitely still captured the feminism theme.

Light Brigade: Ugh so good. It came so beautifully full circle.

Now that I’ve gone through all these, I like this book even more now because they all are stories that remind me of Tiptree, an author I adore. This is a great collection of short stories and I definitely recommend it.

In the incisive and insightful introduction, Hurley vividly describes the kind of future worlds she imagines. “I don’t see logic and reason and clean, cool lines; I don’t see sterile metal spaceships,” she writes. “I see messy, bloody bodies, mutations, minds bathed in chemicals, renegade DNA, bacterial wars, and organic spaceships with regenerating skins and mushy interiors.”

Indeed, you will encounter all these things and more in Meet Me In the Future, and while that might sound like you’re in for an unrelenting tide of tales as unrelentingly grim as they are violent, that is not really the case. Rather, Hurley’s unflinching eye for visceral details, her skill at exploring fractured societies, and her preference for conflicted, flawed characters make her stories singularly compelling.

While Hurley’s future worlds might be fictional, the structures and dynamics at work in the societies she describes seem only too familiar: corrupt corporations, warmongering politicians; prosperous elites who lie and cheat to gain and maintain power—the stuff on life in the 21st century, spun into a weirder future. Technology and society might change, these stories caution us, we might even make it to the stars and other planets, but everywhere we go, we’ll bring our flawed selves along with with us.

When, and if, there is any hope of salvation in these grim and gritty stories, it is not bestowed from on high—certainly not by exalted leaders or benevolent saviors. What hope there is can be glimpsed in the interactions between ordinary people who choose, sometimes reluctantly, to treat each other with at least a modicum of mercy. In these small spaces—hairline cracks in the firmament of disaster and dystopia—Hurley finds glimmers of hope for the future. Meet Me In the Future is an outstanding showcase for her powers as a writer and storyteller, and it is surely one of the best short story collections you will read this year.

Kameron Hurley’s heart belongs to novels. <em>Meet Me in the Future</em>’s introduction tells the reader as much instantly. And yet this is her second collection (third, depending on whether you believe the book itself or Hurley’s Wikipedia). To that end, some parts of <em>Meet Me in the Future </em>are considerably stronger than others. These stories represent Hurley’s particular fascinations: womens’ place in society, the impermanence of bodies; plague and pathology. Some she communicates well in sparkling stories, but others collapse under their own weight.

The collection opens with one of its best stories, “Elephants and Corpses”. “Elephants and Corpses” is a vignette in the life of body mercenary Nev, who spends his days fishing up corpses to inhabit, even though his battlefield days are behind him. Nev shows up in the later story “The Fisherman and the Pig”, at a time when body mercenaries are even less relevant. Both stories speak to a rich character who exists in a curious world with unplumbed deaths. One could happily read a full novel either about Nev or the society that birthed him, and the satisfaction these stories provides is emblematic of the strongest elements of the collection.&nbsp; Hurley acknowledges the tricks that she performs to make Nev a sympathetic character in the body of the text, but it’s difficult to resent her for it.

The grounding of Nev stands out in particular against the multiple free-standing stories that have deliberately opaque settings. “The Plague Givers” is something of a novella in which there are four genders. Hurley presents her worlds as if they’re established, and maybe the reader doesn’t have time to get an entire history of the Plague society, but there’s no real entrée to any of these gender concepts. It wouldn’t matter so much if her pronoun system wasn’t utterly confounding. One of the genders is “pan”, and instead of he/his, she/her, they/them or even zie/zir pronouns, the pan have “per/per”. This stylistic choice renders multiple passages difficult to parse without repeated backtracking. Research suggests that this particular system was inspired by Marge Piercy’s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woman_on_the_Edge_of_Time"><em>Woman on the Edge of Time</em></a><em>,</em> but one hopes that Piercy incorporated the per pronoun with more finesse than Hurley has here.

It’s unfortunate, as “The Plague Givers” is otherwise a workable story, although by the time that it appears it is starting to feel familiar within the context of the collection. Hurley oscillates between presenting disease as neutral or a force of evil, but the scope of the world is too large for the ground that “The Plague Givers” covers. We have context for the Bet, the protagonist, but it is difficult to know what anything in her society means.&nbsp;

This contextless existence carries across to the “The Corpse Archives”, potentially the weakest story in the collection. The communication of the protagonist’s existence is sketchy, and descriptors are withheld until it is too late for them to influence the story. It is set in something like a maze of interlocking hexagons, and it feels like the reader might never escape. Mysteries that cannot be resolved can only carry a reader so far; Hurley does not provide enough information for any gaps to be filled on the reader’s own recognisance, rendering “The Corpse Archives” more frustrating than arresting. Combined with “The Plague Givers”, both stories represent Hurley’s occasional confusion on a sentence level across the entire collection: names, pronouns and words are frequently repeated redundantly and, even when the ideas are solid, the prose does not provide the momentum needed to propel a reader from one story to the next.

Outside of those two stories, <em>Meet Me in the Future </em>is a more assured mixture of science fiction and fantasy pieces, and Hurley is clearly skilled in both registers. “Garda” is a deep dive into the life of an alcoholic private eye whose two wives left her for each other and, and the character and planet that she resides on are fascinating; the investigation is functional enough, but it is window dressing for the world building it enables.

Special mention also goes to “The Women of our Occupation”, the description of a society occupied by an exclusively female foreign force. This is the example of a story that is able to stand on its own while raising a series of titillating but unanswerable questions. If much of <em>Meet Me in the Future </em>is variations on themes, “The Women of our Occupation” is the platonic ideal of many of them.&nbsp;

<em>Meet Me in the Future: Stories </em>is a collection that errs on the side of the positive. The best concepts on display here could be fleshed into novels — two of them, in fact, were published in novel form before being collected here — and there is only one story that could stand to have been cut entirely. Hurley is an author of no small talent, but one suited to a larger scale. <em>Meet Me in the Future: Stories </em>is a diving off point for bigger things: an escape pod dreaming of being a star destroyer.&nbsp;

<I>An ARC of </I>Meet Me in the Future: Stories<i> was provided by Tachyon Publications. It was published internationally on August 20, 2019.</I>

Any time I can get my hands on new Kameron Hurley, I'm all over it. Ever since I read The Stars are Legion, Hurley has quickly become one of my favorite authors. Her view of the world in which we live calculating, messy, and true, and the stories she writes hit me right in the feels and make me want to help lead the revolution.

What I've liked most about Hurley's writing is that her women are allowed to be messy, morally grey, and emotional without feeling like these women are losing their "worth" or "humanity" for being any of those things. The themes of war and resistance she explores in her stories are heavy, unrelenting, and often gruesome, but there always manages to be some threads of hope winding their ways through the stories. War is central to the story in the sense that it informs the trajectory of the characters. War has either happened, is happening, or will happen, but it's the individual themselves who really tend to make a difference in the grand scheme of war's grandiose effects.

The stories that I enjoyed the most were "Elephants and Corpses," "When We Fall," and "The Corpse Archives;" but all of them were so good, and I couldn't wait to read the next one. Her introduction is sublime in exploring what drives her to write the stories she writes as well, so don't skip that. Sometimes I feel as if it's very rare for a single author's collection of stories to be so cohesive and yet so diverse, but Kameron Hurley knocks it out of the park with this one.

Whether or not you've read Hurley before, if you're a sci-fi reader and want to read something that will leave you thinking about the what-ifs, definitely check this out.

3,5/5 stars (review will be posted on my instagram later today)

Overall, I thought this was a good collection of science-fiction stories, that contained the weirdness of Doctor Who and the creepiness of Black Mirror. I admired Hurley’s ability to let us understand the world in a short amount of time, while also leaving a few mysteries, that we can fill in with our own imagination. I also thought that the stories felt connected somehow, like they could be set in the same universe, though still centuries and solar systems apart, which I really enjoyed.

I though it was great that there was a lot of representation in these stories. There were male, female, not-specified, newly invented gendered protagonists, from different backgrounds. The main character from ‘Tumbledown’ was disabled and still a bad-ass, so I really enjoyed seeing that! There were also multiple moral issues discussed in this book, which gave the weird, fantastical worlds an extra layer and left you with something to think about afterwards.

It was difficult to rate this, because I loved some stories and didn’t like others. I feel like this rating portrays my average rating well enough. Some of my favorite stories were: ‘The Sinners and the Sea’, ‘Elephants and Corpses’, ‘The Plague Givers’ and ‘Tumbledown’. My least favorite were: ‘When We Fall’, ‘The Women of Our Occupation’, ‘Enyo-Enyo’ and ‘The Corpse Archives’.

I would definitely recommend this book to people who enjoy sci-fi stories, because I think there are a lot of good and enjoyable stories in this collection!

I have begun to regard Kameron Hurley as my go to for writing fantasy and science fiction stories with brilliantly developed characters and worlds, whatever their length.

In this collection, Hurley takes the world we know and understand, placing people we can easily relate to into bizarre realities that make perfect sense.

For me, engagement with characters in a story is very important. That the worlds Hurley’s characters walk in, no matter how strange or challenging, feel real means I have no trouble becoming emotionally involved.

There were certainly echoes of other writing of Hurley’s, such as Apocalypse Nyx and, more recently, The Light Brigade where the character keeps time shifting and experiencing the results in the present. But this feels more as if you can, as a writer, sense what it is like to gather up ideas, playing with them in one context with the potential for transferring them to another. Or trying out complex concepts and scenarios in the short form where they can be more easily tracked, then going on to craft them anew for a much more sustained work. This makes Meet Me in the Future forensically intriguing and enlightening for any writer, no matter what the genre.

Despite some of the stories giving the sense of experimentation, it does not mean that they are not fully formed and equally affecting as Hurley’s later work, as well as coming over not only as something fresh both in terms of Hurley’s writing, but also a collection of stories within the science fiction/fantasy genre.

Meet Me in the Future is definitely one for my writing reference collection, to be bought as a hardcopy, making it easier to leaf through and have as a tangible example of Hurley’s writing.

Meet Me in the Future is a collection of 16 works of short fiction by Kameron Hurley. Released 20th Aug 2019 by Tachyon, it's 288 pages and available in paperback, audio, and ebook formats. All of the stories are previously published between 2006 and 2018, but collected here for the first time. The author has also written an erudite and thought provoking introduction (not previously published elsewhere) in which she discusses the writing process, some history, what things really mean (hint: don't be lazy, we should figure it out ourselves), and shares other thoughts about creativity, the writer's life, and the world in a really personal conversational style. I felt as though we were talking about deep stuff over the last half bottle of wine at 3 in the morning.

These stories are top shelf fiction. Every story I read was the best one yet. I had planned to read them slowly and savor them. That certainly didn't happen. I wound up reading late into the night and almost missed my work bus stop the next morning. It's difficult to pick out a standout story from the collection, but if forced, When We Fall was amazing and made me sniffle (in a good way).

It's unclear from the publishing info available online, but the eARC I received has a handy interactive table of contents as well as interactive links and references. I hope the ebook release version does also. I've really become enamored of ebooks with interactive formats lately. Presumably that feature will carry through to the final release version.

Five stars. Beautifully curated collection of extremely well written stories.

As I am a big fan of Kameron Hurley maybe this review is biased ;) but honestly the collection is both alarming and amazing at the same time. Everything contained in this collection is beautifully written. If I had to relate this to something I would say it's close to Karin Tidbeck's Jagganath collection. Eerie, delicate, and at the same time a bit violent in parts. Almost like a grotesque interpretive dance that you cannot drag your eyes away from.

Some of these stories are tiny little bursts of fiction, some are longer tales. Works well for not sitting down to read them all at once if you like that sort of thing. I read this from beginning to end in the order they were listed in, and found the layout to be satisfying. It was to experience the short version of The Light Brigade.

Short stories usually aren’t my genre of choice, but I love Kameron Hurley’s writing. She didn’t disappoint! These stories are imaginative, exciting, quick-paced and full of the visceral descriptions of violence and human (or alien) anatomy that are her marker. As with her novels, there are feminist overtones to her stories and inclusive takes on gender and sexuality. The collection is at times poignant, at others emotional, generally thought-provoking, and always entertaining.

Some of the stories interweave or take place in the settings of her novels, but this shouldn’t prevent newcomers from reading – while I enjoyed seeing more of the world from The Stars are Legion, I haven’t read all her books so they only made me want to seek these out.

The tales share a lot of the same themes – disablement, betrayal, sacrifice, people being controlled/held down by those in power, xenophobia, false history, and war. Not only that, but the majority of the characters are female or female-identifying. The fantastic thing about Hurley’s characters is that these women aren’t all young, beautiful, intelligent (what female protagonists seem to have to be). Her women are ugly, stupid, selfish, old, career-focused, mothers, sisters, lovers. They are, as women are in real life, varied and complex. You can identify with almost all of them on some level. It’s a powerful, poignant collection.

In truth, while I give this collection 4 stars, the best stories are in the first half. It’s possible I was fatigued by the time I reached the end (because Hurley’s writing can sometimes be a mental exercise to understand the worlds she creates), but my favourites were the stories with Nev (“Elephants and Corpses” and “The Fisherman and Pig”). I wish those had been novels! I also very much enjoyed: “When We Fall”, “The Red Secretary”, “War of Heroes”, “Warped Passages”, “Tumbledown”, and “The Light Brigade”. I found “Enyo-Enyo” and “The Corpse Archives” the least interesting (perhaps because I had trouble following them). The rest were solid stories I enjoyed but they either moved too quickly, their theme was a little obvious, or what she was attempting didn’t work for me.

Overall, I very much enjoyed this collection and will be buying it in physical form!

It's the first work I read by this author and I found it amazing, entertaining and full of food for thought at the same time.
I liked the style of writing and how the author manage to create fascinating and meaningful stories.
I look forward to reading other works by this writer.
Highly recommended!
Many thanks to the publisher and Netgalley for this ARC, all opinions are mine.

An enjoyable collection of sci-fi short stories that can be read as standalones. If there's one thing Hurley excels at, it's jamming novel-sized creativity into short stories without making them feel too brief to be enjoyed. I specifically like that despite how dire her worlds are, how twisted the stories can get, there somehow remains a touch of hope. My personal favourites would have to be "Our Faces, Radiant Sisters, Our Faces Full of Light" and "The Light Brigade".

Kameron Hurley is a treasure. I first heard about her on Ann Leckie’s blog a few years ago, when Leckie had gushed about Hurley’s The Stars Are Legion several months before it was published. When it finally came out, I got a copy from the library and was blown away. Her worldbuilding was so intricate and her characterization so amazing. I still find myself, years later, thinking about different scenes and being haunted by some of her imagery. (Also, I never stop smiling when I think of the alternate title: http://www.kameronhurley.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Lesbians-in-Space-Poster-v2.jpg)



Earlier this year, I just had to buy Hurley’s The Light Brigade, which I found to be unputdownable. A masterpiece! It’s going on my Hugo nomination ballot next year for sure.



So I was thrilled when I saw that her new short story collection, Meet Me in the Future, was coming out this summer! I received an eARC from NetGalley and tore through it! If the Stars Are Legion was a banquet, this collection of Hurley’s short fiction was like a chef’s table of small, delectable plates that leave you wanting more.



This collection is filled with a wide range of different kinds of stories – fantasies and science fictional tales, adventures and dramas, small character moments and big wows.

Two of the stories are in the same universe, following a body-swapping soldier who can upload his mind into corpses and reanimate them when they feel that they are about to die. Once again, Hurley’s worldbuilding skills are top notch. In a short story, an author has so much less space with which to create a fully realized universe, but time and again Hurley managed this monumental task.



Some stories were quite emotionally moving, such as the one where a child has to accompany her mother to a war memorial.



Even in her serious pieces, Hurley’s trademark humor shines through. I nearly chortled out loud on my morning commute reading her hostage negotiator’s reasoning for requisitioning a dog.



For Fans of The Stars Are Legion, there is a story here that is a possible prequel, explaining a bit about how that universe came to be. The collection also includes the original short story version of The Light Brigade that Hurley later developed into her novel. It is a fascinating read after having enjoyed the novel – it is like an unpopped kernel of corn, just waiting to explode.

I cannot recommend this short story collection enough. If you are not familiar with Kameron Hurley’s work, it is an excellent introduction and jumping off point. After reading this, I am going to check out her Worldbreaker Saga and the Bel Dame Apocrypha series. If you have read her novels before, then you definitely should buy this collection.



I’d like to thank the publisher and NetGalley for the eARC I received – all opinions are my own. I’ll leave you with the table of contents to peruse.



Buy this book!


“Elephants and Corpses”
“When We Fall”
“The Red Secretary”
“The Sinners and the Sea”
“The Women of Our Occupation”
“The Fisherman and the Pig”
“Garda”
“The Plague Givers”
“Tumbledown”
“Warped Passages”
“Our Faces, Radiant Sisters, Our Faces Full of Light!”
“Enyo-Enyo”
“The Corpse Archives”
“The War of Heroes”
“The Light Brigade”
“The Improbable War”

Single-author collections tend to be, in my experience, less cohesive and less consistent in some way than multiple-author collections curated by an editor or editorial team; this is because editors have the advantage of nearly unlimited material to start with, and can winnow down to just those bits and bobs that are synchronous in style or subject or otherwise meet the editors' collective impulse. Single-author collections tend to have a smaller pool of potential bits and bobs to choose from, and they tend to be collected for no other reason than that the author still likes them, or at least likes them enough not to mind that they will forever stand as testament to their short-form skills.

Kameron Hurley's collection is one of the most consistent I've ever read. The style holds steady, yes, and the voice too, but it's the way the characters are thrown into their worlds that is perhaps most consistent of all. Hurley drops hints here and there, whether it's a direct quote from a certain Senate Majority Leader or it's a story which talks to certain failures of the United States healthcare system, that her futures are rooted in an almost unbelievably horrific present––and she's not playing coy about the biographical elements of certain stories. (The book's introduction is a must-read for context.)

On the one hand, a cursory read of "Meet Me in the Future" might seem to convey a singular message: Treat your fellow-travelers with kindness, because you never know what shit they've been through. On the other hand, despite powerful loves and an equally powerful range of friendships and other relationships, Hurley's characters always end up facing their demons alone and mostly unaided. 'When We Fall' is an exception to this, of course, and its early placement in the book might just be to offset the existential dread of the stories which sandwich it, 'Elephants and Corpses' and 'The Red Secretary.' Whatever the case may be, it's a bit of a joyful tease in the midst of the general order of Hurley's shorts. So: treat your fellow-travelers as well as you're able, but take no shit from the universe, unless you have to, and if you have to, you might as well make an art or a science out of it. And have a drink afterward.

There are a LOT of whiskey metaphors, similes, and ... well, actual shots of whiskey.

My personal favorite stories from this lineup are 'The Red Secretary' (because DOGS! which ... is part of the point, I guess?) and 'Tumbledown.' Two stories are seeds or hints at what would become "The Stars Are Legion" ('Warped Passages') and "The Light Brigade" (story of same name). And of course it's always interesting to see a story grow a bit from its seeds. Each story is shot through with a vein of hope, but each story is also grim, grim, grim. Consistently grim. Each story is a window to a future I don't mind witnessing, and in fact find utterly fascinating, but wouldn't much like to visit in person.

But maybe, just maybe, that's because we're all living in a present that I wouldn't visit, either, if I could help it. If that didn't spark yet another deep existential crisis.

I admit that I was perhaps predisposed to not like this book. I don't really like scifi as a genre. However, I was persuaded by the angle of this one. I thought that short stories would be more easily read and digested by a scifi novice like me. I'm glad I gave it a go, but it's perhaps not for me. Having said that, it was an enjoyable read all the same. I like Hurley's writing and voice, and I found the treatment of issues like gender fluidity really interesting. As in all short story collections, some stories are standouts; 'The Plague Givers' was mine for its unique heroine (a woman who isn't 21 and athletic? Sign me up!)

For people who actually read scifi, this is a complete winner. It might even be a winner for those who don't. It's a really great book and I can think of dozens of people off the top of my head who'll be all over it.

This was such a refreshing collection of sci-fi short stories. I love the ideas that were explored no matter how vague or precise and spelled-out. There is something out there for everyone but I can tell you already that it pulls on your heartstrings, engages your mind and is a great conversation starter. I want to delve deeper into all these stories, dissect their meaning and find out what they convey for us personally.

This collection of 16 stories, three of which are new, explore themes of what it means to be human whilst trying to survive disease, disaster, war and genocide, and oppressive governments. The stories are dark and gritty, set in worlds with strange diseases, weird biotech and bioengineering, and societies that subvert expectations.

Hurley doesn't write conventionally pretty, dainty women. Her women are battle-scarred and haunted, strong and rough. They're grizzled swamp-dwelling sorceresses. They're disabled plague survivors making an Iditarod-like serum run on an alien planet. They're hostage negotiators talking down desperate rogue soldiers. They're a terrifying conquering army.

If you've been looking for a place to start with Hurley's work, this is a great entry point. This collection showcases her edgy, incisive, visceral approach to sci-fi.

An interesting collection of stories carrying Hurley's signature bio-horror- sci fi style and preoccupation with war, gender, and squishy things. Not exactly to my taste, but if you're a fan of her writing then I can highly recommend this collection.

This short story collection will be a favorite for fans who like science fiction that doesn't shy away from combining the technological and organic, from describing the most visceral aspects of war and death.

Kameron Hurley is someone whose work I've been meaning to read for ages. I was going to buy <I>The Stars are Legion</i> after hearing it described at Nine Worlds a couple of years ago as "lesbians in space", which seemed very relevant to my interests, but then it turned out that it's no longer available as an ebook in the UK, so when I received a e-ARC of her new short story collection, <i>Meet Me in the Future</i>, via Netgalley, it seemed like the ideal opportunity to give her work a try.

There are sixteen stories in <i>Meet Me in the Future</i>, all set in far-distant futures. Some are clearly set on other planets, some in space, some might be on far-future Earth. Some of the futures feel like the future, with spaceships and imagined technology; some are futures which feel more like fantasy, set in more low-tech societies. The latter category includes two stories which I particularly liked, 'Elephants and Corpses' and 'The Fisherman and the Pig', which are about the same character, body mercenary Nev, who has the ability, at the moment of death, to transfer his conciousness into any corpse within range. Other favourites included 'When We Fall', an absolutely delightful love story about an orphan and a spaceship; 'The Sinners and the Sea', which is set in a society of floating islands above a drowned, dead world and reminded me rather of Le Guin; 'The Plague Givers', set in a world of steamy, plesiosaur-haunted swamps, with a wonderful too-old-for-this-shit middle-aged heroine racing against time to prevent the lover and enemy she defeated thirty years earlier from unleashing a plague that will destroy everyone in their world, with bonus multiple and fluid genders; 'Tumbledown', the story of a paraplegic woman racing across a frozen planet to try to deliver a vital serum to a plague-threatened community; and 'Warped Passages', which I gather from Hurley's introduction is a prequel of sorts to <i>The Stars are Legion</i>, set on a hige space fleet which has been trapped for three generations by an anomaly which holds their ships in place.

Hurley's writing vividly evokes the very different worlds her stories are set in; her characters are sympathetic and human and interesting. Some of the stories make for difficult reading; there's a lot of war and violence and destruction in them, and some body-horror which I struggled with ('The Corpse Archive' was almost too much for me), but they are often beautiful and generally hopeful stories, ending with the prospect of better things to come even where the futures they describe are darker. The collection is also delightfully diverse; there are lots of queer, trans and non-binary characters, women in traditionally 'male' roles such as soldiers and priests, and societies where women are privileged over men, and there are also explorations of disability and race issues through a science fictional lens. I liked this a lot, and will definitely be reading more of Hurley's work in future.