Actual Rating: 1.5 Stars

Opinion:

“For the record, I don’t normally have a predisposition for making bad decisions.”

Girl, yeah you do.

The Anti-Virginity Pact is a YA Contemporary about two senior girls who make a pact to lose their virginity before the end of high school. As the closet-atheist daughter of a preacher, Meredith’s anxiety has always made her shy and kept her in the shadows. Wanting to finally gain experiences, she and her best friend sign a contract to lose their virginity. But when the pact gets leaked and the entire school sees that Mute Mare signed it, she is suddenly descended upon by every guy in school who wants a turn.

This had so much potential to be an emotional, gut-wrenching, femi-empowering YA about familial expectations and self-exploration. It could have showcased the overwhelming guilt and obligation we feel to please our parents, and how our own wants and desires can be obliterated in doing so. Or put a blinding spotlight on rape culture, bullying and the endless double standards that exist in our society. Or the crippling fear and physical ailments that come with extreme anxiety. The panic, shortness of breath, feelings of drowning or being buried alive. The sheer peril that one experiences.

It had all the potential in the world to be deep, beautiful, raw and authentic.

But instead of my heartstrings being yanked and my tear ducts overflowing, I felt…

not much of anything.

The Anti-Virginity Pact has a fairly slow start that continues until about halfway, where it switches gears drastically and becomes a book with zero direction. The first 55% actually wasn’t bad, even though the banter between Meredith and her best friend was a little eye-roll inducing, I was enjoying the slow buildup.

Meredith is a senior in high school and the daughter of a preacher. But for years, Mare had began rejecting the idea of religion and now considers herself an atheist, unbeknownst to her family. Due to growing up in a highly religious family and also having severe anxiety, Mare has always kept to herself – blending into the wallpaper and speaking to few people. So when her best friend Jo suggests a pact to lose their virginity by the end of high school, as a means to experience everything they missed out on (sex, parties, sports) she signs her name on the dotted line. And then the girls go about picking the lucky guys, and of course…

one of them HAS to be a teacher.

Honestly, this angle didn’t bother me that much, probably because of the countless YA Thrillers I’ve binged. But the execution of this trope was odd. It’s a lot of Jo swooning over their teacher and expressing plans on how to seduce him, Mare telling Jo it’s a horrible idea, and then Jo stomping her foot because Mare isn’t jumping for joy and celebrating her wanting to SEDUCE A TEACHER.

But honestly, this and Mare’s anxiety are about the most and only emotional follow-through in this entire book. Every time a BIG moment happened (because yeah, there’s a lot of them shoved in here) Mare and Jo just brush over it and move onto the next tragedy. Moments that would cause a person to break down in sobs, scream at the sky and start shattering things are let go with a “this is shitty“ or “this sucks”, and thrown away. And it’s not like they are being brave or strong and can just handle what’s being thrown at them.

It’s that all that happens in this story are “hot topic“ explosions.

One explosion detonates, and before it can be dealt with or dissected, three more explosions go off, making it a ticking time-bomb of craziness that keeps falling from the sky in the most unrealistic way possible.

In a Middle Grade book, the story is set up to have the “and then, and then, and then” format to keep the young reader’s attention. That is exactly how this book is formatted. It’s a series of dramatic and controversial topics smashed together, without proper time and care being spent on each tragedy. Religion, bullying, sexuality, rape, anxiety, animal abuse, religious camps. It’s all here. But instead of each issue adding to the story or making an impact on the reader, it made it inauthentic and ridiculous. As if any detailed description and emotional focus would deter the author from checking off the mention of these “hot topic” issues.

I just couldn’t handle how Mare could experience crippling anxiety, and it being described in such a relatable and clear way, but then not having any strong reaction to the BIG situations that happen at the party, with Sam or with her parents. Mare’s life literally implodes, and instead of there being even a SINGLE moment of her having a reaction to it, her character is more concerned with talking to Sam about ignoring his phone calls.

Am I in 7th grade again?

But the WORST moment for me in this story, was the allude to a rape that…wasn’t a rape? Or…was it? I’m still not even sure. But the fact that I don’t even know, leaves such a bad taste in my mouth for how this was even done.

Firstly, it was ONE paragraph. And it wasn’t even a long paragraph. But I reread it about 15 times trying to figure out what actually happened, and honestly, I still have no idea. And with how the incident is then brought up, with Mare’s reaction to it being the same as if she was talking about what kind of sandwich she would like to have for lunch…well.

I just don’t even have words.

But just like every other moment of trauma in this story, the main character brushes it under the rug because I guess she’s just a robot.

Bottom line, don’t waste your time with this.

this book had the potential to be a gritty, thought provoking and powerful story, but ultimately it felt diluted by the sheer amount of issues it attempted to cover, and an inconsistent tone.

what I liked

➽ the way religion was handled
This was initially the thing that made me want to read the book in the first place. I find discussions about religion really interesting largely due to its divisive nature. Religion tends to be a touchy subject, and I find that it is often neglected in young adult fiction, which is disappointing considering the valuable discussions that can come out it.
Our main character Mere is the daughter of a preacher and begins to feel stifled by the constant bible verses, restrictive teachings and inconsistent morals. I found this element really refreshing and was where the book came into its own and found its stride.

“I. Don’t. Believe. And I don’t want to. There’s nothing you can say that’ll change that. I’m not just having doubts. It’s not a phase, or me being rebellious. I don’t care what the Bible tells us because that book—and that’s really all it is, a book—has made me feel terrible about myself all my life. I can see that believing in it helps you and comforts you and is true for you, but it’s not true for me. I have the right to choose what I believe, and if you loved me half as much as you claim to, then you’d respect that.”

➽ the writing
I was pleasantly surprised by the quality of the writing. While it wasn't necessarily the most beautiful prose I have ever read, it was polished and overall well done. I would definitely read more from this author in the future, as her writing- in particular for a debut- was very promising.

➽ the discussions on being introverted/quiet
this issue in particular felt really authentic and real. I found myself relating to quite a few lines throughout the book, and think it will definitely connect with the younger end of the YA audience.

“All my life, I’d been the quiet one. The one people teased about why I never talked, and when I did, they feigned shock that I had the capability to speak. I was the girl with a yearbook full of flippant have a good summer messages because no one had anything better to say. My shyness had always been a self-imposed cage that left me crippled to all that was high school."

what I didn't

➽ the plot
overall, I found the plot to be disjointed and jumpy. It felt like so many different elements were introduced that there was no consistent underlying storyline throughout the book. The main focus of the story went from the pact to the romance to the pact to sexual assault to religion to-inexplicably- dog fights. This meant the tone of the book was vastly different from chapter to chapter and became quite jarring.

➽ too many issues, too little time
similarly to the previous point, I felt like the myriad of issues that were introduced was excessive and as such became watered down. I appreciated their merit, and the importance of them being discussed in a young adult setting but there simply wasn't enough page time devoted for them to be meaningful or reach a resolution. If we just focused on a few of these issues I believe they could have been much more impactful. I fully trust that the author could do justice to these issues, especially considering how religion was handled. If that amount of care and time went into some of the other societal problems, I think the book would have been overall more poignant and cohesive.

➽ the characters
this isn't necessarily a dislike, but a less-like if that makes sense. There was nothing wrong with the characters per se, they just fell a little flat for me. Some of them just felt like caricatures with no personality apart from one or two defining characteristics. For example, I didn't love the way the 'mean girl' Ashley was done. I hate when characters are mean or evil just for the sake of it or when they make complete 180's without reason.

overall
I found this book to be well written and overall entertaining. This book held great potential, I just found it to be stretched too thin and overly ambitious with the amount of elements and issues it introduced. I would definitely read more by this author in the future, and I cannot wait to see how her writing develops.

Thank you to the author and netgalley for this ARC!

Release Date: 16 June 2020

While this was an enjoyable read in general and kept my interest, it certainly was not a well-written book.

It glosses over/attempts to tackle too many topics without actually delving into them in any real way which does these topics a serious disservice. It would have been better to select one or two. The characters were either annoying, childish or blah (all the characters, not just the main ones). The pacing was off and almost all aspects of the story were unrealistic.

I really enjoy watching Katie’s videos on YouTube and I was so excited for her first novel. We got to see all the hard work she put into it behind the scenes and I’m really grateful to have gotten an e-arc.
I liked this story. It wasn’t life changing or a new favorite but it was an interesting read. I feel like there aren’t many fiction books that deal with religion, much less in YA. This gave a different look into what it can be like growing up in a really religious household. I liked that Meredith, the main character, formed her own opinions and thoughts and didn’t just go with what was thrust upon her. Also, I thought it was a really relatable read with her depiction of anxiety and what it’s like being the ‘shy’ and ‘quiet’ one.
All and all, it was well written and easy to fly through. The only things I didn’t love were the random use of French words, I feel like it didn’t really add anything to the story. In addition, the exaggerated use of the word ‘Maman.’
I can’t wait to see what she does next with her upcoming novel

The Anti-Virginity Pact is a Young Adult debut contemporary novel by BookTuber Katie Wismer. The story follows Meredith Beaumont, a Preacher’s daughter who happens to be an atheists. When her best friend Johanna convinces her to sign a pact that states that they both won’t be virgins at the end of their senior year of high school things don’t go as planned and Mare must make the decision as whats more important her reputation and relationship with her parents or the person she wants to be.

The Anti-Virginity Pact is a story about relationship, religion, high school, and becoming the person you want to be. This hard hitting contemporary deals with many topics that some are afraid to tackle and sheds light on to aspects of toxic religions. The authors writing and characters sucked me in and made me root for Mare and what she stood for. Though fair warning this book does handled sensitive topics such as religion, rape, and animal abuse so its not for everyone. The emotions and events that Mare goes though not only speaks for her own situation but speaks to the emotions and even trauma that many high schoolers deal with every day.

Though young adult contemporary is not my favorite genre, Wismer’s writing accurately portrays the emotions and drama of high school so well that I brought back memories for me and I’ve been out of high school for ten years. This would be a great book for those who love young adult contemporary and young women in high school. I received an advanced copy to review through NetGalley.

*Thank you to the editor Ahimsa Press for providing an e-ARC copy through NetGalley in exchange for an honest review*

Overall I enjoyed The Anti-Virginity Pact, but was expecting something more impactful. Trigger warnings for sexual assault, bullying and animal cruelty. I mus also note that religion and discussion of beliefs are a main topic of the story.

While there were important topics talked about in the story, it felt like there were too many topics but too little time to actually explore them properly. The plot was a bit broken and all over the place for me, with to many threads that didn't intertwined harmoniously. The pacing was off for me too, the first half was pretty slow and in the second part everything happens all at once with very fast resolutions.

As for the characters, I found them all a bit superficial, I didn't really connect with any of them and felt like they lacked development and depth, which in turn made me not understand at all some decisions and behaviours. I did like the discussion on religion and I think that that part of the plot was well done, with an interesting progress. I also liked and found important the ultimate decision of the main character of coming forward and reporting on something that happens to her.

The writing was average, wasn't amazing or terrible. It's very simple (a bit juvenile for me at times) , with some repetitive expressions, and while there were some good lines, nothing really stood out to me.

All in all, The Anti-Virginity Pact was an easy contemporary read, with good discussion on religion and sexuality/virginity in high school!

High school senior, pastor's daughter and secret atheist, Mare agrees to an Anti-Virginity Pack with her bestie. Rekindling a friendship with a boy from church seems like a good start for Mare, until a vengeful girl discovers the pact, and uses it to hurt Mare. Mare needs to decide who she is: an aspiring veterinarian in charge of her body and her choices, or the obedient Christian girl her family expects?

I so wanted to love the Anti-Virginity Pack (especially since I was raised in religious family very similar to Mare's), but I felt like it's many aspects just didn't gel. I was jarred by the animal cruelty, the insta-romance, the problematic seduction of a teacher by a student, and the poorly conceived, flat bullying plot. I felt like I was reading at least three different books at times? I expected something gritty, wise and thought-provoking like THE TRUTH ABOUT ALICE, but instead this felt at times fluffy and then horrific. I applaud the author for tackling tough issues, but I think many readers will be looking for more from this novel.

This was such an invigorating and interesting story! Following Meredith through her struggles as an 18 year old was so realistic, seeing the very realistic portrayal of high school and the struggles teens face on the daily.
The passion in this story was so evident and although not completely enjoying the first half of the book, the second half blew me away with a romance I loved, carefully handled issues and debates around religion that were considerate but realistic for someone in Meredith's position.

I do feel that I struggled with the first half of this book as I was so excited to read it and yet it felt very much like a book 15 year old me would have eaten up but felt too young for me to be reading at 22. However, it redeemed itself with a shift in the writing style and tackling issues that would be seen in a YA. Overall I would definitely recommend this book and I hope people give it the chance it deserves!

I really enjoyed this book! Overall I would definitely recommend it to people. It definitely would depend on the person and their possible content warnings. Katie Wismer is definitely an author that I am going to keep my eye on in the future!

“Preachers’ daughters aren’t supposed to be atheists. They’re also not supposed to make pacts to lose their virginity by the end of the year, but high school senior Meredith Beaumont is sick of letting other people tell her who to be.”

The Anti-Virginity Pact is a coming-of-age story about religion, rock-solid friendships, first loves and finally standing up for who you want to be.

I have been a viewer of Katie’s YouTube channel for a while, and I was so excited when I was approved for this arc. This is probably the first book I’ve read written by a booktuber I’ve been following. Though, this does not impact my thoughts and opinions of this book.

Firstly, I enjoyed the writing. Given my bad streak with self-published books lately, I was pleasantly surprised and happy that I enjoyed the writing. It was quite easy to read and I loved that there were no confusing lines or weird jumps in the timeline. The story read smoothly and it was quick to get through (I haven’t read a book in 3 days in a long time). That said, given the premise in the synopsis, the actual inciting incident occurred way later in the story than I anticipated. Though when it did happen, the subsequent landslide of events definitely helped pick up the pace of the story.

In terms of the characters, I found Mare quite relatable in her difficulty in socialising (because that’s still me from time to time). Being a preacher’s daughter, Mare had certain restricting expectations placed on her by her parents, and being a closeted atheist also does nothing to lessen the pressure. Given that a lot of books use this type of environment to spur some rebellious moment, there were definitely moments that made me want to shake her into action or stop her from doing something stupid or stop other despicable characters from doing something harmful to her . And there were the moments when you cheered for her for finally speaking up. I liked the uplifting yet bittersweet ending because it was real and I appreciated that it wasn’t something cheesy.

I enjoyed her relationship with Sam albeit it felt quite insta-love since their past wasn’t entirely build-up as well as I would’ve liked to have that gradual relationship build-up. Honestly, a perspective from Sam would’ve probably given me that build-up, and frankly, I loved the guy so a perspective from him would’ve been great. Also, I just want to applaud the realistic depiction of a kiss scene because I’ve read some real metaphorical fireworks kiss scene and I cringe whenever I read something like that now.

Mare’s outgoing best friend, Johanna, had a somewhat overly outgoing personality and I’m not gonna lie, she irritated me at the start with her stupid decisions and ideas. However, by the end, I grew to really appreciate her loyalty and her friendship with Mare. That said, she made the beginning quite tedious because you would just want to slap some sense into that girl sometimes and all other kids like her. Even though their friendship was cliché, I still loved how strong their bond was no matter the obstacle. What I didn’t particularly enjoy was the mean girl character, Ashley. I’m just so over this trope and I’m lucky that I have never really experienced that level of mean girl in my life because it makes me roll my eyes while reading.

In terms of the controversial topic of religion tackled in this story, as a Christian myself, it was handled respectfully. Honestly, Mare’s confrontation with her parents made me want to really shake some sense into those type of religious people. Like it’s not how you would go about spreading the Word. Mare’s father was the type of pastor I would stay clear from since all he seemed capable of doing was shoving the Word down other people’s throats which shouldn’t be what Christianity is about.

Overall, I enjoyed the story and I can’t wait to see what this author has in the future.

When Katie announced she was publishing this book I was really excited to try and get an Arc copy. I'm not a big reader of contemporary but I was really excited to try this book out to one support on of my favourite booktubers and two to see how she tackles the certain topics that are involved in this story.

Trigger warnings: sexual assault, bullying, animal abuse, problems involving religion.

I read this book in one sitting. It was a very fast and quick paced read which I truly enjoyed. Mare is a very naive, shy and quiet young adult who is realizing towards the end of her high school year she hasn't had the "normal" high school experience. I really related to Mare because I was the exact same as her while in school. I never went to my school dance and I was very shy, socially awkward and had no friends. I really felt the struggles that Mare went through.

Although Mare makes some questionable decisions and huge mistakes trying to deal with the anti Virginity pact coming out which pissed me off it made sense to me because of her naivity.

Although the synopsis tells us that the anti Virginity pact gets out and everyone finds out this doesn't happen until very far into the book.

I really enjoyed the topics discussed in this story and it really makes you think about things such as religion, atheism, sexual assault and animal abuse. This book does tackle some very serious themes but never makes it too hard to read.

I do feel like this book could have been made a little darker and grittier but I really did love this story and super glad that I read it!

*Received ARC in exchange for an honest review*
Rating: No rating unless I really have to, then its 3 stars.
bookboyfriendsdoitbetter.com

*Disclaimer* I am a huge fan of Katie's youtube channel and watch her religiously. She's actually the reason I made a NetGalley account, and this was my first ever NetGalley ARC.

With that said, I'm a little sad I couldn't get into this book. I thought this book was going to be a little bit more mature, because of the subject matter but it actually reads somewhat young. The main character's inner monologue reads like a 15 or 16-year-old when she is actually a senior in high school.

I really tried to give this book a chance but I finally had to DNF it at around 30%. I didn't connect to the characters and I found myself bored most of the time and it actually made me not want to read if it meant having to read this book.

The Anti-Virginity Pact is one of those books where the cover and summary mislead the reader’s expectations. I predicted a dark and provocating coming of age story. Instead, as this The Anti-Virginity Pact book review shows, it’s a cute contemporary with a lot of drama.

The first half is entertaining, and interesting plot threads were picking up. However, they all pick up at once. There are so many different traumatic events happening back to back that the story feels unrealistic. I couldn’t believe that Mare, the main character, was able to deal with everything going on. And please check the trigger warnings, because A LOT of the stuff is heavy.

One of the most significant plot threads is Mare’s profoundly religious family, while she’s an atheist. If the story focused more on exploring her parent’s beliefs and slowly building the fallout, it would feel more natural.

Instead, when their relationship reaches awful levels, you’re already numb because of everything that happened earlier. Harper, Mare’s sister, is also an interesting character. The story would gain much more from exploring the dynamic between this dysfunctional family.

The ending is okay, but not satisfactory. The characters are forgettable because all they were was their reactions to drama. The only relationship worth mentioning is Mare and the cute shelter dog because dogs deserve the world.

I had high hopes for this book because the story sounded interesting. I think Wilmer has true talent and has the potential of being a great writer, but it was clear that this novel never faced a professional editor. I found the characters to be childish and aggravating, and the various aspects of the plot felt messy and untethered. Some of the choices made by the characters also did not feel plausible. I hope self-publishing this book moves Wismer forward with her career, and I will definitely check out future books, this just didn’t quite work for me.

I have decided to split this review into two parts: one that discusses what I enjoyed and the other about the things I didn't or would like to have seen. This review will be written in dot points for easy consumption.

What I liked:

- I really enjoyed the author’s writing style and found it very engaging.

- I enjoyed reading from the protagonist point of view.

-I liked the sister relationship explored throughout this novel. I wish we got more of that.

- I enjoyed the exploration of religion. While I was brought up as a Christian, I do not believe in the bible and/or the Christian religion. I felt seen within this novel and related to the main character.

- I enjoyed reading about the friendship between Mare and Jo.

- I enjoyed the relationship between the protagonist and the love interest. I still would have liked to see more of the relationship within the story.

What I didn’t like:

- I wish the pact played more of an important role in the story. It was present in the first half but it was forgotten at the end. I wished the subject of virginity was explored and discussed more in relation to religion etc.

- While I enjoyed most of the plot, some of the plot felt exaggerated and cliche. The whole mean girl element of the story, felt very melodramatic and unauthentic. I feel like this could have been written better.

- I wish Jo storyline could have been explored more and could have added more to the story.

- I wish the novel talked about more topics such as victim-shaming, slut shaming and bullying. These topics would have added more depth to the story and overall plot.

I may not be the "target audience" (I'm almost 27 and this is a young adult book), but I still really enjoyed this! It felt authentic and real and like there was a lot of love poured into it, yet it wasn't hokey or insincere. I couldn't put it down, actually!

Something that really struck me about this book was the fact that it didn't take the turns that I thought it did, especially towards the ending - but don't worry, I won't spoil it! All I'll say is that it left me thinking deeply about a lot of things and I couldn't help but talk about everything that happened in the novel with my husband, something I don't do with just any novel. I loved how different this book turned out to be and I'm so excited to have been able to read it! I highly recommend the novel and the author.

*I want to thank Net-Galley for giving me ARC copy for Review*

The Anit-Virginity Pact by Katie Wismer is one of those novels that will sit with me. If it through the subject mater that is discuss, or even simply the characters that it portrays. Everything about this novel was beautifully constructed, well almost everything. There is at one point near the end that I thought was a little outlandish. I'm giving no spoilers here but linked down bellow will be both my non-spoiler review, and spoiler review that went up on my YouTube channel. In the spoiler review I do mention what I thought was outlandish. But for the sake of anyone who hasn't read it yet, no spoilers here.

Back to the novel, first I want to start with Mare our protagonist. A character that I fell in love with from the first line of the novel, "For the record, I don't normally have a predisposition for making bad decisions." She intrigued me, and soon became a character I would jump in front of a bullet for. Her journey from a person who never spook up to someone with a defining voice is powerful. The story that is told around her was nerve-racking to watch unfold and several moments I had no idea where it was going. In others, I wished I had not known as the destination was far worse. That is to say this book is dark, it deal with very heavy topics. It is safe to say that every topic is handle with such ease.

That brings me to the second thing I want to discuss, the trigger warnings. They are listed in the front of the book and pay attention to them. I would say the big ones to look out for are; religion, sexual assault, anxiety, bullying, and most importantly trauma. If any of these subjects make you uncomfortable I highly recommend passing.

With that being said Wismer does some remarkable things handle subjects such as religion and trauma. Mare struggle with religion, with grounds the novel, is something amazing to watch unfold. Down to the final moments. But I say most importantly, the way Wismer handles trauma is something most writers hope to achieve. There are several quotes I have never related to more in my life. The way Mare deals with the trauma that is place upon her is something that changed me. Made me look at myself and helped me.

Lastly, lets talk about the beautiful writing. There are moments were some writing techniques are subtle and mesmerizing. Then they're others where is right there on the page and I want to briefly mention them. I do want to warn, a slight spoiler ahead.

-Spoiler-
Lets talk about Mare's first kiss with Sam for a second. The way it is written was one of the best kissing scenes I think I have ever written. As a writer these scenes are tough to write. The vulnerability and the way she captured it all so beautifully.
-Spoiler-

Now we can talk about how Wismer sets up the scene. Each scene set up is perfect and well described that we can picture it unfold before our eyes. It was like watching a movie. At some points it was how she described a group of kids sitting and others a busy party. Each time I saw everything and never once was I told.

The Anti-Virginity Pact will be a book I hold dear for a long time. A book that will surely reread again and again. Of course, I will follow this author and continue to read whatever she puts out.

For the most part, I enjoyed reading this. The writing felt a little juvenile and some plot points were convenient/cliche, but I had a fun reading experience and think it was perfectly fine for a debut novel. I think there’s more to it than meets the eye and I will definitely will be keeping an eye out for what Katie puts out in the future!

I received an ARC from Netgalley. All opinions are my own.
2.5 stars
I wanted to love this book I really enjoyed the authors poetry collection so was interested to see how this book would be. I felt like some of the plot points did not need to be in there and the story would be the same. I would read more from her in the future but this book just missed the mark for me.

I'm struggling to decide how I felt about this book....the summary gave me a different impression than what I read. That being said, I think the book deals with a lot of great topics.

Meredith is the preacher's daughter. She's extermely shy and introverted. Her best friend Johanna is the opposite. Johanna decides that they should vow to lose their virginity before graduation. What's the harm? Ha ha ha ha....you'll have to read about that for yourself.

There are some pretty heavy topics in this book. Meredith has been struggling to maintain the facade of being a dutiful daughter and maintaining her religious beliefs. She's also trying to handle the backlash for the pact being found and the extreme bullying that ensues. Another is the typical awkwardness of dating as a teenager. Also, very briefly there is the issue of animal abuse.

I really loved the intention behind all of the thought provoking, conversation starting topics, I just feel as though they were rushed in the ending to the book. The pace at the beginning was great at establishing who Meredith is and what her life is like, but the last 20% of the book is all of issues that I feel were crammed in and rushed through.

A special thank you to NetGally and Katie Wismer for providing me with an ARC.