The Deep State: A History of Secret Agendas and Shadow Governments by Ian Fitzgerald delves into the concept of "deep states" - hidden agendas and special interest groups that operate within governments, often in opposition to democratically-elected officials. These deep states can be motivated by a variety of factors, including the desire to control natural resources such as oil and gas, precious metals, and commodities like mining, as well as the pursuit of power and influence.

In his book, Fitzgerald examines the role of deep states in various countries around the world, including client states that are heavily reliant on external powers, cooperative deep states that work with corporations and accounting firms to further their own interests, and even religious extremist groups that seek to subvert democracy. The author also explores the ways in which deep states can exploit and oppress their own people, often through corrupt means such as drug trafficking, arms dealing, and even torture.

Fitzgerald also delves into the concept of "banana republics", where governments are heavily influenced or controlled by outside interests, particularly agri-businesses and lobby groups. He discusses the impact of privatization and nationalization on wealth distribution and the potential for exploitation, as well as the role of media and patronage in maintaining the power of deep states.

The Deep State is a thought-provoking and eye-opening look at the ways in which shadowy figures and special interest groups can wield influence and subvert democracy. It serves as a warning about the dangers of corruption and the importance of holding accountable those who seek to undermine the rule of law.