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Stealing America

The Hidden Story of Indigenous Slavery in U.S. History

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Pub Date Apr 28 2026 | Archive Date Mar 31 2026


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Description

“An indispensable book, as intellectually provocative as it is emotionally wrenching.” —Greg Grandin¸ author of the Pulitzer Prize–winning The End of the Myth

Although the first enslaved Africans arrived in Jamestown in 1619, European slavery in America began more than a century before. In a work distinguished not only by its original research but by its “passionate prose” (James F. Brooks), historian Linford Fisher demonstrates how the enslavement of Indigenous people began in the years just after 1492, ensnaring an estimated three to six million Natives throughout the Americas. Although largely erased from the public consciousness, Native enslavement continued for centuries to become a colossal phenomenon that affected nearly 600,000 Native?Americans in North?America?alone, revealing the shocking truth that American colonizers enslaved Natives in roughly the same numbers as they imported enslaved Africans.

From Virginia to California, from New England to Barbados, Stealing America traces the history of Indigenous enslavement and land dispossession, detailing how colonizers captured Natives and often deliberately mislabeled them as Black slaves to avoid detection. While the American Revolution pealed the bells of freedom for colonists, it paved a larcenous trail of westward expansion that subsequently plundered Indigenous land and stole the labor of Natives from nations like the Cherokee, Navajo, Nisean, and many others. “This double theft,” Fisher writes, “was central to the origins, growth, and eventual success of the English colonies and the United States—not just initially but throughout all of American history.”

In this expansive narrative, Fisher weaves together accounts of major episodes in American history including early colonization, the American Revolution, and the Civil War with lesser-known stories of Native enslavement and land loss. Fisher upends conventional histories about the nature of American slavery, revealing enslaved Natives in places we have overlooked, including southern antebellum plantations and the nineteenth-century American West. After Congress outlawed Native slavery in 1867, Americans forced Indigenous children into boarding schools and white homes, where they labored under forced assimilation. This practice was not reformed until the latter twentieth century, when Native nations finally secured increasing rights and self-determination.

Nearly fifteen years in the making, this magisterial volume not only uncovers a five-century genocidal history but also illuminates the myriad ways Native Americans have fought for their sovereignty and maintained community. The most comprehensive work of its kind, Stealing America emerges as a saga of both persistent colonialism and Indigenous resilience, one that reframes American history at its core.

About the Author:

Linford D. Fisher is an associate professor of history at Brown University. The author of The Indian Great Awakening and principal investigator of the Stolen Relations project, he lives in Providence, Rhode Island.

“An indispensable book, as intellectually provocative as it is emotionally wrenching.” —Greg Grandin¸ author of the Pulitzer Prize–winning The End of the Myth

Although the first enslaved Africans...


Advance Praise

"Stealing America is an impressive achievement. With a breath-taking command over the vast geography of early America and an equally impressive commitment to extending its analyses through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, this work powerfully amplifies the growing chorus of scholars calling for more complex and nuanced histories of slavery in the Americas. As Fisher reveals, complex Indigenous "centers of enslavement" both pervaded the British empire and gave rise to its agrarian and plantation economies. A necessary and remarkable reorientation of traditional narratives of U.S. history, the work is deepened also by its partnership with descendent tribal communities." -Ned Blackhawk, Yale University, author of National Book Award-winning The Rediscovery of America

"From the earliest coastal kidnappings on Cape Cod’s shores to Boarding School matrons who trafficked Indian children, the history of Indigenous America is one of stolen people and stolen land. Linford Fisher’s passionate prose and grim detail trace five centuries of interlocking African and Indigenous ‘Slaveries,’ in which we feel the weight of the past in our present." -James Brooks, author of Mesa of Sorrows

"Stealing America is a masterful history that demonstrates time and again that Indigenous enslavement and land theft went hand in hand. The scholarship at the heart of this book dispenses with all the old arguments that Indigenous servitude and slavery did not work out in early America." -Brenda Child, Northrop Professor of American Studies, The University of Minnesota.

"For those wishing for a wider, more complicated history of the entanglements of African and Indigenous slavery, the moment has arrived. Building on a generation of pathbreaking scholarship and intrepid original research, Linford Fisher centers diverse Indigenous experiences of unfreedom, expanding the narrative of American slavery across time, space, and scale. A stunning reorientation of continental history, Stealing America lays bare the intertwined theft of Native lands and bodies, their devastating consequences for tribal nations, and the ongoing story of Native survival and resistance." -Philip J. Deloria, Harvard University, author of Becoming Mary Sully

"Linford Fisher’s Stealing America is a much-needed history, honestly and empathetically told, of the full scope of Native American slavery. Anglo settlers didn’t just steal Indian land but, as they moved west from the Atlantic, Indian labor, in massive amounts. An indispensable book, as intellectually provocative as it is emotionally wrenching." -Greg Grandin, author of Pulitzer Prize-winning The End of the Myth

"Many years in the making, Stealing America synthesizes the scholarship on Indigenous slavery and presents a wealth of original research not only about this terrible practice but also about the courageous antislavery campaigns and acts of resistance. Fisher has written a major work." -Andrés Reséndez, author of Bancroft Prize-winning The Other Slavery

"To create American colonies and, later, the United States, settlers stole thousands of people as well as millions of acres from Native Americans. In this vivid, insightful, and provocative book, Linford Fisher reveals the shocking extent and deep tragedy of the enslavement of Native peoples. But Fisher also recognizes their extraordinary resilience in resisting and enduring to the present." -Alan Taylor, Pulitzer Prize winner and author of American Republics

"Stealing America is an impressive achievement. With a breath-taking command over the vast geography of early America and an equally impressive commitment to extending its analyses through the...


Available Editions

EDITION Hardcover
ISBN 9781324094951
PRICE $39.99 (USD)
PAGES 560

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