Wilson, Clemenceau, Lloyd George and the Roads to Paris

Well if you would like to have a more broader knowledge of three of the most important men of the late 19h and early 20th century you need not look further. The in depth information is second to none and is a very enjoyable read. It does take you some time as there is a wealth of knowledge that you are gaining. I think that as a whole we all know of the treaty of Versaille but with no real understanding how it came about and why it had such a dramatic effect on Europe that lead to a second world war. The seeds of that war are highlighted in this book. It is a book for a person with a real love for history and personal as well as nation.

Although there is a lot of literature on the subject and the era, I recommend this book. Wonderfully researched, comprehensive, and showing not only the life of some of the world's greatest leaders but also the era in which the world in which we live today was largely built.

Wilson, Clemenceau, Lloyd George and the Roads to Paris by Robert F. Klueger is one of the most well written, researched and informative historical books I read in a long time. The writer's ability to explain the different characters, backgrounds, and influences provides a turn page experience. The significantly detailed information presents a person with the ability to learn more about the topic, develop a research interest, and find more data related to the field.

The book's uniqueness relies on the writer's ability to explain the different characters, where they originate from and to align their backgrounds with their political philosophies. This book is a must-buy for any person who enjoys historical material related to the late eighteen century to early nineteen hundreds. A person who enjoys World War I historical books, the complexity of political leaders and events will definitely enjoy this book.

Pfff -- I think I deserve a statue in having managed to finish this in such short time - merely because schools are out for the summer holidays (teacher here). This tome is a massive 913 pages!!

This well-researched and in-depth research deals (mostly) with the three men who’d meet Johannes Bell & Dr. Müller (Germany) at the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles to sign the Versailles Peace Treaty in 1919.

The story starts with a (manipulated) EMs Telegram ( a.k.a. ‘Emser Depeche’) inciting the 2nd Republic of France to call for war on Prussia; (the French lost within weeks as they were totally unprepared for war). It was during a besieged Paris during the same French-Prussian war that Leon Gambetta gained instant fame when he flew over the Prussian blockades in a hot air balloon to get to Tours.

Clemenceau is first in this tome and his life is meticulously documented, from his upbringing in the Vendee, his stay in the US, to his political career in France.

Further details and background information is given on the social and political history of the second French republic (ending with Napoleon III) and the third (would last until the German invasion in 1940) ; continuing with the Tonkin war (first Sino-French war > France wanted to diminish Chinese influence in the north of Vietnam); well-know French men are introduced, - like De Lesseps (builder Suez Canal, - he also took on the job of creating the Panama Canal, but failed and US had to take over - ); and continuing with the scandalous Dreyfus affair.

Detailed biographies (including Gladstones') are interspersed with political (or social) events during that time: the death of Wilhelm I, Wilhelm II; the occupation of Haïti in 1915 under Woodrow Wilson to prevent a German invasion -( they had large economical interests in Haïti; the China-Germany war, et&. All and each of these roads leading up to Versailles.

This is for all history buffs a must-read, - despite the amount of information about politicians, treaties, wars, conflicts, and political mayhem, it’s an hugely interesting read. And it never gets boring!!

I am no historian, but studied German and know about the pivotal issues leading up to WWI, however, I am in awe of seeing how well-researched and detailed this book is.

Author expects readers to have some basic information of European powers, riots and conflicts leading up to WWI, & existing (& disappearing monarchies).

IMHO think that the book would have benefited from having maps & footnotes for the general reader.

This was a hugely interesting, albeit a bit of a long read. :)
I would like to thank the author for providing an ARC in return for an honest review.
A fantastic book! Highly recommended.

Thanks to the publishers and NetGalley for the advanced review copy of this mighty book. Weighing in at over 800 pages, I can only do justice to the book by taking the approach of an episodic review. This first instalment is written after 23% of the book has been written.

The first impression is that the writing of this book represents something of a labour of love for the author. His admiration for the three great statesmen, albeit occasionally qualified, is apparent from the start. Another initial judgment that has been discarded was that Mr Krueger ought to have been more ruthless in editing as there is a wealth of detail about the early lives of the three subjects that appears, at first sight, to be incidental and even irrelevant to the overall structure of the book. And yet…..the reader soon appreciates that the author is making sure that readers have more than a superficial understanding of the nineteenth century world of young Clemenceau, Wilson and Lloyd George that is not easy for readers familiar with the world of the early years of the twenty first century to appreciate. Similarly, the extended sections on significant historical events - the Franco-Prussian War, the Paris Commune, the Dreyfus affair and The Boer War - merit inclusion on their own terms, given their influence on the political evolution of the three statesmen. So far, then, an excellent start to this work and one that will appeal to all those who wish to understand the world as it existed before the First World War and how this shaped the politics of the time.

After a brief pause to read and review other books I returned refreshed to Klueger’s masterly account and was pleased to see the same very positive features in the next section, which has seen me reach halfway through the book. The reader has been treated to more than a simple tour d’horizon in terms of these history-defining years from the Franco-Prussian war to what is now the eventful year of 1917. The format of following the three statesmen has continued, but - inevitably - their stories increasingly impinge on each other. On the way through these years, though, the contributions each has made to their individual nations or in the wider field of international diplomacy have been covered in Klueger’s carefully summarised accounts. In this way, the reader is left better informed, for example, about the major constitutional changes to the ability of the House of Lords to reject legislation and the relatively unstable French governments that characterised the period up to the start of the war. It is a real delight to report that, rather than being exhausted by the sheer length of this book, I look forward to a continuing pleasure as I contemplate the second half………

For many readers the focus of the final chapters on the Peace Conference are, perhaps, what they expected from the book. My earlier judgments concerning the details provided of the early lives of the three great statesmen still stands, although it is now clearer that Klueger has more doubts over Wilson’s role. Observing how the views of these very different individuals have been informed by the events they have witnessed, or have helped to shape, contributes significantly to the reader’s understanding of their actions and their attempts to influence the outcome of the Peace Conference.

Klueger provides exhaustive detail over the meetings of the Big Four, and the contributions of their advisers. In passing, it is noteworthy that Orlando, Prime Minister and Italian representative at the Peace Conference, features as a relatively minor player in Klueger’s account. This seems a little odd, given that he was a member of the ‘Big Four’ alongside Clemenceau, Wilson and Lloyd George. Klueger seems to see him in a tactical role, focused especially on Italy’s territorial claims, rather than a more strategic role in respect of the broader issues to be settled by the Peace Conference.

Looking back over the intervening century and more it is all too easy to imagine how straightforward it might have been for these statesmen to agree on the terms to be presented to Germany, particularly given our knowledge of how other subsequent major wars have been concluded. Although the USA had only declared war on Germany in 1917, all four countries had engaged in a war unprecedented in its scale, scope and destructiveness. Surely, one might think, the desire for a lasting peace would lead to a swift agreement over how to convert the armistice to a permanent settlement?

The author sets out clearly to establish why such an ambition was destined to be difficult to realise. He argues that Wilson had always approached the end of the war from a detached perspective, with little apparent understanding of the impact of violent and ruthless occupation of Belgium and north east France and the four years of wearying existential conflict experienced by the remaining members of the Big Four. His ‘Fourteen Points’ and ambitions for a League of Nations that would put an end to war could never be the main focus of the other three members, who saw them in many respects as naive and impractical. Their shared and lengthy experiences of the horrors of mechanised warfare meant that the relatively magnanimous settlement envisaged by Wilson would elude the parties involved.

Klueger takes the reader through the various negotiations, arguments and trade offs that proved necessary to achieve a conclusion to the Peace Conference. He expresses sympathy and understanding for the position of Clemenceau, representing a country that had suffered defeat, humiliation, occupation, payment of reparations and loss of territory in 1870, in addition to the destruction by occupying German forces in the recent war . His conclusion over Wilson’s contribution is far less sympathetic, regarding him as having the greatest potential to achieve something closer to an enduring peace but hobbled by his refusal to seek consensus and preparedness to accept compromises in pursuit of a greater goal. This perhaps paints Wilson as something less than the somewhat messianic figure offered by other authors; Klueger also notes that he was prepared to sanction various deals over transfers of territory and other decisions that paid scant regard to his Fourteen Points in order to safeguard his vision for the League of Nations. In this context it is ironic, and perhaps telling, that the provisions relating to the League were never endorsed by Congress.

Klueger regards Lloyd George as the leader with the greatest level of statesmanship in the way he approached the conference by ‘seeking to forge compromise from irreconcilable contenders’. Although Lloyd George was seen as somewhat sceptical, Klueger regards him as sympathetic to the idea of the League of Nations but not to the extent of limiting the effectiveness and protection afforded to Britain by the Royal Navy.

It is always tempting to attempt to capture all themes in a review. With a book this size that is clearly impossible. Rest assured that the many relevant issues not covered here, for example regarding war debts and reparations are given considerable coverage in this book. The best overall judgment may be that it should be required reading for anyone looking to gain a better understanding of how the main elements of the Treaty of Versailles were shaped by the discussions and arguments between the leaders of France, Britain and the United States.

A really interesting and well researched insight into the head powers at the Treaty of Versailles and how they rose to their positions. I particularly enjoyed reading about Clemenceau